SEM OF CLEOME

information regarding properties of cleome

Asis et al.(2010) studied medicinal importance of Cleome gynandra L. for treatment of tumor, anti-inflammatory and lysosomal stability actions in MECG treated mice.

Parimaladevi et al. (2003) studied analgesic activity of methanol extract of Cleome viscosa in mice, and reported extract showed promising activity in all the tests.

Devi et al.(2003) et al. (2003) worked on  antipyretic activity of a methanol extract of Cleome viscosa Linn. in albino rats. and showed significant reduction in normal body temperature and yeast-provoked elevated temperature.

Anindya  et al.(2007) et al. (2007) studied analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of the ethanolic extracts of Cleome rutidosperma .

Samuel and Brian (2007) reported use of Cleome gynandra as inter crop  helpful for significantly reduction of red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in greenhouse rose production yet may be of significant value as a supplement to other mite-control strategies.

Sudhakar et al. (2006) tested et al. (2006) antimicrobial activity property of ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flowers of Cleome viscosa against Escherichia coli , Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Devi et al. (2002) studied  et al. (2002) effect of a methanol extract of the entire plant Cleome viscosa L. for its anti-diarrheal potential against some of the experimental models of diarrhea in rats.

Claudia et al. (2006) et al. (2006) compared methanolic extracts of Cleome rosea, collected from natural habitat and from in vitro-propagated plants, were analysed to different in vitro biological assays and reported that C. rosea presents medicinal potential and that the acclimatization process reduces the plant toxicity both to plasmid DNA and to J774 cells.

Mpuchane and Gashe (1996) (1996) antibiotic sensitivity of Klebsiella isolates were determined for Corchorus olitorius and Cleome gynandra.

Bouriche et al. (2005)  et al. (2005) The effects of Cleome arabica leaf extract, rutin and quercetin on soybean lipoxygenase (Lox) activity and beneficial for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, particularly those characterised by excessive leukotriene generation.

Saboor et al. (1984)  et al. (1984) used Cleome dolichostyla seed oil extracte for iodine number, saponification number, Hehner value, Reichert-Meissl number and refractive index and studied potential as an edible oil for human.

Ahmad and Ezzat (1995) studied effect of Cleome droserifolia shoot extract on its seed germination and seedling growth. Cleome droserifolia is autotoxic. The two species Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium funiculosum were the test fungi most sensitive to the allelopathic effects of Cleome droserifolia.

Samy et al. (1999) studied  et al.(1999) studied antibacterial activity of 16 different ethnomedicinal plants along with Cleome gynandropsis and Cleome viscosa have been studied and tested against three gram positive bacteria and seven gram negative bacteria by the filter paper disc diffusion method and reported significant control of the growth of all bacteria.

Polasa and Rukmini (1980) tested  (1987) tested eight unconventional oils by the Ames mutagenicity assay and recorded no mutagenic activity  was observed with Cleome viscosa oil.

Zohara et al. (1987)  et al. (1987) recorded use Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del for hypoglycaemic treatments in their ethnobotanical survey of Israel.

Odhav et al. (2007)  et al. (2007) collected preliminary nutritional data for traditional leafy vegetables in Kwa Zulu-Natal, South Africa. Twenty vegetables were studied for their content of mineral elements and antioxidant levels and all including Cleome monophylla recommended for future commercial cultivation.

Hebbar et al. (2004) conducted ethnomedicine survey covers the Dharwad district of Karnataka in southern India. They  recorded 35 plants belonging to 26 families for their medicinal property as Cleome gynandra  used to treat tooth ache.

Sharma et al. (2010) synthesized first time six novel cleomiscosin A, by using electrophilic substitution reaction to give nuclear nitrated and halogenated derivatives of cleomiscosin A in good yields and studied. potent anti-inflammatory activity using primary macrophages cell culture bioassay system

Juan and Gabriele (2004) Studied herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba and created 199 formulas by using one hundred seventy plant species including Cleome species and other products as per ethanobotanical survey.

Upadhyay et al.(2007) isolated essential oils from Cleome gynandra and studied for their insecticidal, oviposition inhibitory and repellent activity against pulse beetle and concludeded that these essential oils could be used in the control of storage pests and are quite safe.

Vijayakumar et al.(2005) The antibacterial activities of  Cleome gynandra were studied against Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter faecalis.

Yaniv et al.(1987) done ethnobotanical survey for the medicinal plants of Israel, 16 species were found to be used for hypoglycaemic treatments. Cleome droserifolia is one of them.

Shabana  et al. (1988) tested molluscicidal and cercaricidal activities of fifty-eight plants from 22 families and concluded lower molluscicidal effectiveness was shown by extracts of Panicum turgidum, Calligonum comosum, Cleome amblyocarpa, Cornulaca monacantha, Silene villosa, Jasonia montana and Achillea fragrantissima.

Sebastian and Bhandari (1990) carried out ethnobotanical survey. Rajasthan. Certain plants such as Fumaria indica, Brassica juncea, Cleome viscosa, Portulaca oleraceae, Bauhinia variegata are used as vegetable.

Saxena et al. (1992) tested 15 plants, five plant extracts showed anti-juvenile hormone against mosquitoes in this  acetone extracts of Ageratum conyzoides, Cleome icosandra, Tagetes erectes and Tridax procumbens. they observed to be affected only in Ageratum, Cleome and Tridax extracts. Loss of fecundity was observed in the treated mosquitoes but no sterilant effects could be seen. Adults, obtained from larvae exposed to the plant extracts produced significantly shorter egg-rafts  than in control.

Khare  et al. (1992) collected fifty plants to studied efficacy against stored grain insect pests, four ornamental plants and two wild plants Cleome viscosa and Boenninghausenia albiflora  were found naturally infested by Lasioderma serricorne .

Ganesan (1994) studied antifungal properties of 30 plants against Drechslera oryzae,and reported  the aqueous leaf extracts Cleome aspera, Delonix regia, Gliricidia sepium, Hibiscus surattensis, Quisqualis indica and Zornia gibbosa effectively inhibited germ tube elongation.

Hegazy and Fadl-Allah (1995) examined The effect of different extracts of Cleome droserifolia on its seed germination and seedling growth. And concluded Cleome droserifolia is autotoxic. They tested allelopathic effects of Cleome droserifolia on  Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium funiculosum and reported these fungi most sensitive.

Badran and Aly (1995) A total of 20 fungal species belonging to 10 genera were found to be associated with all stages of Culex pipiens. The water extract of both Artemesia cina and Cleome droserifolia showed an inhibitive effect on the protein content and growth of some selected isolates.

Perumalsamy and Raja (1996) studied antibacterial properties of aqueous extract of some selected weeds including Cleome.

Ndungu et al.(1999) studied potential of essential oil of Cleome hirta and found that  three identified constituents (phytol, (+)-cedrol, n-octacosane) was evaluated against the livestock tick, and maize weevil .

Maikhuri  et al. (2000) described the agronomy, yield, cost-benefit analysis, uses, and ethnobotany of Cleome viscose and suggested that Systematic efforts must needed to promote its cultivation on a larger scale in village community degraded land and in marginal agricultural land where traditional crops grow with difficulty.

Khafagi (1999) studied anthelminthic activity, antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts against six bacterial strains by vitro cultures of twelve plant species including Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del.

Lazzeri and Manici (2001) studied fungitoxic activity  of Cleome hassleriana L. as biocidal plants in a green manure simulation.

Stephan et al. (2001) studied  toxicity of Crude extractof different plants including Cleome against egg-masses of Meloidogyne javanica root-knot nematode.  Pre-planting application of Cleome  extracts resulted in significant reduction in root-gall index and improved plant growth (dry shoot and root weights).

Khuzaie et al. (2001) tested anti-complementary activity  of crude aqueous extracts of 25 medicinal plants was tested and only five (including  Cleome droserifolia) showed positive anti-complementary activity.

Devi et al. (2002) studied anti-diarrheal potential of the entire plant Cleome viscosa L. by exprementing on rats.

Bouriche et al. (2003) studied Cleome arabica contain high flavonoid content (19%) due to that it pusses high anti-inflammatory activity .

Parimaladevi et al.(2003) studied methanol extract of Cleome viscosa for analgesic activity in mice.

Shackleton (2003) examined use and commercial value of wild edible herbs in South Africa from four recent quantitative studies at eight different sites genera include Amaranthus, Bidens, Chenopodium, Cleome, Corchorus, and Momordica.

Devi et al.(2003) studied antipyretic activity of a methanol extract of Cleome viscosa L.  for its, potential on normal body temperature and yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats.

Vijayan et al. (2003) investigated antifungal activity of the medicinal plants Allium sativum, A. cepa, Cleome viscosa, Eclipta prostrata, Piper betle, Sansevieria roxburghiana and Solanum trilobatum were studied

Williams et al.(2003) studied electron micrograph examination of the leaf and stem surfaces of Cleome viscosa L revealed the presence of secretory glandular trichomes with club-cylinder and cylinder morphologies and leaves and stems of C. viscosa were extracted with hexane and the extract was evaluated for different biological activities like anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, insecticidal activity, nematicidal activity.

Devi et al. (2003) studied anti-inflammatory potential of methanol extracts of the Cleome viscosa against carrageenin, histamine and dextran induced rat paw oedema.

Bhamarapravati et al.(2003)  Methanol extracts of Myristica fragrans (aril) inhibited the growth of all HP strains with minimum inhibitory concentration Cleome viscosa (leaf). Plants used in Thai traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal ailments inhibit the growth of HP These data indicate that these plants may have chemopreventative activities and thus may partly explain the reduced incidence of gastric cancer in Thailand.

Van-Rensburg et al.(2004) worked on Cleome gynandra along with other Indigenous leafy vegetablesincluding wild having the potential to be cultivated and discussed the importance of leafy vegetables in food security.

Mothana  et al. (2006) investigated Cleome socotrana as well as other 24 different plant species, for their antiviral activity.

Oladele and Abatan (2003) studied toxic effects of crude aqueous extracts of the leaves of Cleome viscosa, on serum biochemical parameters and histopathology in albino rats and reported Cleome viscosa show significant increase the blood urea nitrogen of the rats and concluded effect of Cleome viscosa is nephrotoxic.

Narendhirakannan et al. (2005) worked on medicinal properties of  Cleome gynandra L., which has traditionally been used for the treatment of rheumatic and other inflammatory conditions. Here they worked on checking significant anti-inflammatory activity in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats and demonstrated that the plant extract has no harmful effect and exerts in vivo anti-inflammatory properties against adjuvant-induced arthritis.

Ismail et al. (2005) studied antiinflammatory property and flavanoids of Cleome arabica leaves and twigs

Nagarajan et al.(2005) studied activity of petroleum ether and benzene extracts of Cleome felina on alloxan diabetic rats and concluded this plant extract is to be antidiabetic and antihyperlipemic.

Modern Hopi people served as an important starvation plant.

Gardiner  and Brace (1889) reported explaned medicinal properties of Cleome gynandra like relieve pain, cure skin disease on lepracy, earache.

Kenneth (1995) Studied Cleome serrulata for its economic use.

Chapman (1954) collected information about Cleome serrulata and mentioned its use.

Zemede and Mesfin (2001) mentioned that cleome gynandra is cultivated alongside other vegetable and obtained black dye from Cleome serrulata is two times higher than wheat plants.

Krochmal et al.(1954) studied many plants and reported that some cleome species are eaten by Indian people as vegetable and obtained black dye from Cleome serrulata after boiling in water.

Bedi (1978) noted leaf juice of Cleome viscosa used to remove pus from wound and leaf juice and oil of seeds of Cleome gynandra is used to cure skin diseases.

Shahina (1993) reported Cleome rupicola plant extract applied as eye-drops.

Slosson (1888) reported cleome speciosissima is cultivated for bee food as well as for flowers.

Walter (1897) reported that cleome integrifolia leaves boiled with green corn and used in food.

Bala et al. (2010) traditionally whole plants is used in treatment of tumor, anti inflammatory and lysosomal stability actions. They studied anticancer activity of methanolic extract of the cleome gynandra in swiss albino mice and plant has potent dose dependent anticancer activity.

Smyth (1903) studied anthelmintic, antipyretic and tonic propertiesof Cleome serrulata.

Hawleg (1930) prepared black carbon paint from Cleome.

In the Sahara and Dra region fruit and leaves, mixed with Cleome arabica L.sub sp. Amblyocarpa and olive oil are used as anti-inflammatory ointments Bellakhdar (1997).

Shackleton et al.(1998) studied use and Trading of Cleome gynandra  in South Africa.generally 82% people use Cleome gynandra  in their diet in the Central Lowveld Savanna Region. And reported  in winter Cleome gynandra (usually dried) and M. balsa-mina were the principal herbs which is widely sold.